Dance styles

Cuban salsa, salsa cubana, is the circular partner dance that grew out of son and mambo in Havana in the 1950s and 60s.

Casino is what Cubans actually call the dance the rest of the world calls Cuban salsa.

Rueda de casino is casino danced in a circle, with a caller naming moves and couples swapping partners on command.

Timba is the Cuban dance music that emerged in the late 1980s and 90s, harder and more aggressive than son-based salsa, with funk and jazz harmony and a rhythm section that stops and restarts.

Son is the root.

Reparto is the newest of these, born in Havana's outer neighbourhoods in the 2010s and danced to a music of the same name built on reggaeton and Cuban rhythms.

Rumba is the Afro-Cuban drum and voice tradition underlying most Cuban dance: three forms, yambú, guaguancó and columbia, played on cajones or tumbadoras over a clave.

Guaguancó is the best known rumba form, a couple dance of pursuit and refusal in which the man attempts the vacunao, a symbolic claim, and the woman blocks it with the botao.

Columbia is the fastest and most acrobatic of the three rumba forms, traditionally danced solo by men, from the rural sugar-mill areas of Matanzas.

Afro-Cuban covers the folkloric dances carried to Cuba by enslaved West Africans: the orisha dances of the Yoruba tradition such as Yemayá, Ochún and Changó, alongside Congo and Arará forms.

Salsa is less one dance than a family of them, named in New York in the 1960s and 70s for music drawing on Cuban son, mambo and Puerto Rican traditions.

Salsa On1 breaks on the first beat and travels along a line rather than a circle.

LA style is salsa danced On1 along a line, developed in Los Angeles in the 1990s.

Salsa On2, also called mambo, breaks on the second beat, which places the dancer with the conga rather than ahead of it.

New York style is salsa danced On2, developed in the city's Puerto Rican community and codified by Eddie Torres.

Bachata is Dominican rather than Cuban, and appears here because many festivals run it alongside Cuban styles.

Dominican bachata is the traditional form, closer to how it is danced in the Dominican Republic: footwork-heavy, played with the beat, syncopated and free rather than built on long sequences.

Bachata fusion, often called sensual bachata, is the European development of the dance, assembled in Spain in the 2000s from bachata plus elements of zouk and contemporary.

Kizomba is Angolan, from the 1980s, danced close and slow to music descended from semba.